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  • Abduction - Movement away from the midline of the body
  • Adduction - Movement toward the midline of the body
  • Anatomical Position - The body is in an erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and the palms, head and feet point forward
  • Anterior or Ventral - Nearer to or at the front portion of the body
  • Anterior Rotation - Rolling the hip forward
  • Bi Lateral Flexion or Lateral Flexion or Side Bending - Movement in which the angle between two bones is decreased sideways
  • Centrifugal - A movement away from the center of the body. This term is applied to movements made from the heart, or in the direction of the arterial blood current
  • Centripetal - A movement toward the center of the body. In relation to massage, the term is applied to movements made in the direction of the blood current in the veins
  • Circular motion - When an object moves along a circumference of a circle
  • Circumduction - Movement of a joint in a circle
  • Compression - To press or squeeze a specific area to reduce in size or volume
  • Curvilinear motion - The moving body moves toward the same direction although the path is a curved line
  • Deep - Away from the surface of the body
    Depression - Moving a body part inferiorly
  • Distal - Further away from the point of origin
  • Dorsi Flexion - Moving the dorsum (top of the foot) of the foot upward
  • Dorsum - The back; the back surface of any part
  • Elevation - Moving of a body part superiorly
  • Eversion - Movement of the sole of the foot laterally at the ankle joint
  • Exception - Finger or toe movements
  • Excursion - Moving the jaw from side to side
  • Extension - Movement in which the angle between two bones is increased
  • External - Located closer to the surface of the body
  • Flexion - Movement in which the angle between two bones is decreased
  • Horizontal Adduction - Movement of the arm across the chest
  • Horizontal Abduction - Movement of the arm away from the chest
    Hyperactive Extension - When a portion of the body is extended beyond the anatomical position so that the joint angle is greater that 180°
  • Inferior - Away from the head or lower part of a structure
  • Insertion - Point of attachment for a muscle on a bone
  • Internal - Located away from the surface of the body
  • Inversion - Movement of the sole of the foot medially at the ankle joint
  • Isometric Contraction - Muscular contraction in which tension is developed but no mechanical work is done. There is no appreciable joint movement and the overall length of the muscle stays the same.
  • Isotonic Contraction - A concentric or eccentric muscular contraction that results in movement of a joint or body part, as in lifting a weight.
  • Lateral - Away from the midline of the body
  • Lateral Rotation or External Rotation - The anterior surface of the distal segment moves outwards
  • Linear motion or Rectilinear - All parts of the moving body move in the same direction as every other part of the body and the path follows a straight line
  • Medial - Toward the midline of the body.
  • Medial Rotation or Internal Rotation - The anterior surface of the distal segment moves inwards
  • Opposition - Movement of the thumb touching a finger on the same hand
  • Origin - Origination of a muscle on a bone
  • Planter Flexion - Moving the bottom of the foot to the floor
  • Posterior or Dorsal - Nearer to or at the back of the body
  • Posterior Rotation - Rolling the hip back
  • Pronation - Movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned posteriorly
  • Prone - Means to lie face down
  • Protraction - Movement forward in a plane parallel to the ground
  • Protrusion - Moving anteriorly (eg: chin out)
  • Proximal - Closer to the point of origin
  • Radial Deviation or Wrist Abduction - Abduction of the wrist away from the midline
  • Retraction - Movement backward in a plane parallel to the ground
  • Retrusion - Moving posteriorly (eg: chin in)
  • Rotary motion or Angular motion or Rotation - The object acts as a radius and all parts of the moving object rotate in the same angular direction and follow a circular path about a pivot point
  • Rotation - Relates to the movement of a bone around its long axis
  • Supination - Movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly
  • Superficial - Near the surface of the body
  • Superior - Toward the head or upper part of a structure
  • Supine - Means lying on your back
  • Traction - To pull a specific area to increase in size or volume
  • Translatory motion or Linear motion or Translation - All parts of the moving body move toward the same direction
  • Ulnar Deviation or Wrist Adduction - Adduction of the wrist toward the midline
  • Valgus - Angulation outward and away from the midline of the body
  • Varus - Angulation inward and toward the midline of the body

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